Learn slope-intercept form
Slope-intercept form, y = mx + b, displays a line's slope m and y-intercept b directly. Equivalent linear equations can be rearranged into this form without changing their solution set.
You will read and write y = mx + b and identify its slope and y-intercept.
The idea in plain English
The form y = mx + b is a compact description of a straight line.
The number multiplying x is the slope. The separate number is where the line crosses the y-axis.
How to recognise this kind of question
- The equation contains x and y.
- The question asks for slope, y-intercept, or a line equation.
- You may need to isolate y first.
Quick decision: Get y alone, then read m from the x-term and b from the separate number.
The method
- Isolate y on one side of the equation.
- Read the coefficient of x as the slope m.
- Read the constant as the y-intercept b, or the point (0, b).
Worked examples
Rewrite y − 4 = 2x in slope-intercept form.
- Add 4 to both sides.
- Write the x-term before the constant.
Answer: y = 2x + 4
Rewrite 2y = 6x − 8.
- Divide every term by 2.
- y = 3x − 4, so m = 3 and b = −4.
Answer: y = 3x − 4
Your turn—with help
Find m and b in y = −2x + 5.
Need a hint?
m is attached to x; b stands alone.
Show the answer and steps
- Read the coefficient of x: m = −2.
- Read the constant: b = 5.
Answer: m = −2, b = 5
Watch out for this mistake
Incorrect: In y = 3x + 4, the slope is 4
Why it fails: The constant is the y-intercept, not the slope.
Do this instead: The coefficient of x is the slope, so m = 3.
Quick check
Try these without looking. Then open each answer to check your thinking.
y = 4x − 1
Need a hint?
Read the x coefficient and constant.
Show the answer and steps
- The slope is 4.
- The y-intercept is −1.
Answer: m = 4, b = −1
y = x + 7
Need a hint?
An unwritten coefficient is 1.
Show the answer and steps
- x means 1x.
Answer: m = 1, b = 7
y − 3 = 2x
Need a hint?
Add 3 to isolate y.
Show the answer and steps
- Add 3 to both sides.
- Read m = 2 and b = 3.
Answer: y = 2x + 3
Common mistakes
- Treating b as an x-intercept instead of a y-intercept.
- Missing the negative sign on the slope or constant.
- Stopping before y is isolated.
Practice tips
- Point to m and b after every equation is rewritten.
- Check the y-intercept by substituting x = 0.